Brno is the center of the judicial power of the Czech Republic and has become the seat of both the Constitutional Court and the Supreme Court, the Supreme Administrative Court and the Supreme Public Prosecutor's Office. In addition, it is a major administrative center as it is home to national authorities with nationwide control and other important institutions.

In the area of the town there is the Brno dam and several small ponds and other water areas, such as the Žebětínský pond or the reservoirs in Mariánské údolí. Brno is protected on three sides by the forested hills of the Brno Highlands, southwest of the Dyje-Svratka valley, the altitude of the city is between 190-497 m., A considerable part of the territory of Brno is covered with forests. Apart from the hills of Petrov and Špilberk, the hills of Bílá hora, Kraví hora, Palacký vrch and many others are located in the land register. The highest peak is Kopecek (479.41 m above sea level). The highest point in the cadastre of the town, with an altitude of 497 m, is located north of Útěchov.

In Brno it is possible, probably thanks to its rich history of the capital of Moravia, to find hundreds of cultural monuments, including nine national cultural monuments and one UNESCO World Heritage site.

The first finds of the remains in the Brno area are approximately from the Palaeolithic and were found in the Stránský Rocks, the first documented Slavic settlement of the Brno region dates from the 5th to 7th centuries.

The history of the city of Brno has always been firmly tied to the history of Moravia. In the 11th century, Brno played an extremely important role in the administration of Moravia since the Principal Principalities of Moravia. Coins mining in Brno began in the 11th century, when the Brno princes coined the oldest Brno denarius. The first written mention of Brno is in Kosma's chronicle in 1091. In 1243 Brno was granted city rights, in the middle of the 13th century Špilberk Castle was founded.

The Moravian branch of Luxembourg, the Moravian margrave, was founded in Brno from the middle of the 14th century until the beginning of the 15th century by Jan Jindřich. The last Moravian Luxemburg Jošt was even elected Roman King in the fall of 1410, but at the beginning of the following year he died on Špilberk. He is buried in the church of St. Thomas, founded by his father, Jan Jindřich.

In Brno there was a margrave court, where the Moravian Provincial Assembly and other top political institutions of the then Moravia met. Brno is a former Moravian capital and since the Middle Ages it has, together with Olomouc, its most historically important city.

In 1777 the Brno bishopric was established. In December 1805, the Battle of Austerlitz, also known as the "Battle of the Three Emperors," took place east of Brno. The city itself did not join the battle, but the French army temporarily occupied it, and Emperor Napoleon I stayed here several times. Several months later, Brno was also occupied by the French army in 1809 and Napoleon remained in the city for several days.
In 1839, the first train from Vienna came to Brno, which started the operation of the paragliding railway in the territory of today's Czech Republic. In the 1850s Brno was first administratively extended by the annexation of 20 surrounding cadastral territories. In 1859-1864 the entire city fortification was demolished, in 1896 -1916 took place in the historical core a large sanctuary, in which about 240 houses were replaced by new buildings or completely removed. In 1869 in Brno for the first time on the territory of the Czech Republic, a tram, then trailed by horses, was driven into the streets of the city.

At the end of April 1945, Brno was liberated by the Red Army under the command of Marshal Rodion Malinovsky within the Bratislava-Brno operation.

Resources

https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brno